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task significance

Толкование Перевод

1 task significance

упр. значимость задания* (в модели характеристик работы: субъективная оценка работником важности выполняемой им работы для предприятия, на котором он работает, и общества в целом)

See:

job characteristics model

Англо-русский экономический словарь > task significance
2 task significance

s.

cambio estratégico, significado de la tarea.

Nuevo Diccionario Inglés-Español > task significance
3 task

1. сущ.
общ. задача; задание; урок; урочное задание, урочная работа

to entrust smb. with a task; to give [set, assign\] smb. a task — поручать кому-л. задание; давать кому-л. задание, поставить задачу перед кем-л.

to set oneself a task — поставить перед собой задачу

to perform [fulfil, do, carry out\] a task — выполнить задание

to cope with a task — справиться с заданием

to take on [undertake\] a task — приниматься [браться\] за какую-л. работу [какое-л. задание\]

performance of task — выполнение задания

corporate-wide task — общефирменная задача

research task — задача исследования

creative task — творческая задача

current task — текущая задача

task in hand — начатая работа; ближайшая задача

difficult task — трудная задача

key task — основное задание

overriding task — задача первостепенной важности

pressing task — неотложная [насущная\] задача

priority task — первоочередная [приоритетная\] задача

obligatory tasks — обязательные задания

profitless task — бесполезная задача

unpleasant task — неприятное задание

irksome task — скучное задание, скучная работа

delicate [ticklish\] task — деликатное поручение

household task — домашняя работа, работа по дому

distribution of tasks between employees — распределение заданий между работниками

task component — элемент задания

task solution — решение задачи

task time — время для выполнения какого-л. задания

to take [call, bring\] smb. to task (for smth.) — сделать выговор (кому-л. за что-л.); дать нагоняй (кому-л. за что-л.)

Syn:

job 1) а), chore, stint, assignment 2) а)

See:

administrative task, managerial task, task group, task bonus, task culture, task management, task description, task list, task schedule, taskwork, task environment, task identity, task significance, task sharing, subtask, taskmaster, task worker
2. гл.
1) общ. ставить задачу; давать [поручать\] задание [работу\]

to task smb with doing smth, to task smb to do smth — давать задание кому-л. сделать что-л.

2) общ. загружать, обременять

Англо-русский экономический словарь > task
4 significance of task

Менеджмент: значительность поставленной задачи

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > significance of task
5 significance of task

сущ. значительность поставленной задачи f

English-Russian project management dictionary > significance of task
6 job characteristics model

упр. модель характеристик работы* (управленческая модель, предполагающая, что изменение отдельных составляющих работы может повлиять на степень удовлетворения работника от осуществляемой им деятельности, и, как следствие, стимулировать труд работника; предполагает, что на работника влияют пять характеристик работы: то, насколько разнообразными являются входящие в его должностные обязанности задания (может ли он проявить себя всесторонне, приложить различные умения и навыки); то, насколько он может идентифицировать себя с некой законченной работой (оценивается ли работа как нечто самостоятельное, цельное, выделимое из общего комплекса работ или воспринимается работником как невыраженная составляющая коллективной работы и не позволяет работнику идентифицировать себя с полученным результатом); значительность работы (субъективная оценка важности работы для других людей, как внутри, так и за пределами организации); автономность (степень свободы в принятии решений, касающихся способа выполнения работы); степенью, в которой сам работник может оценить эффективность своей деятельности (в отличие от оценки руководством); в первоначальном виде разработана в 1976 г. Ричардом Дж. Хэкманом (Hackman, J. Richard) и Грегом Р. Олдемом (Oldham, Greg R.), впоследствии была несколько модифицирована)

See:

skill variety, task identity, task significance, job design

Англо-русский экономический словарь > job characteristics model
7 weight

1. n единица веса; мера веса

a table of weights — таблица мер веса

uniform weight distribution — равномерное распределение веса

to gain in weight — прибавлять в весе, набирать вес, полнеть

maximum weight matching — паросочетание с максимальным весом

bit weight — нагрузка на долото; общий вес алмазов в коронке

allowable gross weight — максимально допустимый полетный вес

2. n правильный, полный, нужный вес

to be under weight — весить слишком мало

gross vehicle weight — стартовый вес средства передвижения

diaphragm of the weight indicator — датчик индикатора веса

curb weight — вес, масса полностью снаряжённого автомобиля

to lower the weight at the press — опустить вес при жиме

pouring weight — вес отливки вместе с литниковой системой

3. n тяжесть; груз, нагрузка, давление

dead weight — собственный вес

under its own weight — под собственной тяжестью

keep the papers down with a weight — прижмите бумаги чем-нибудь тяжёлым

weight on the bit — нагрузка на долото

balancing weight — балансировочный груз

provisional weight — временная нагрузка

weight control — регулирование нагрузки

added weight method — способ приема груза

4. n бремя

he felt the weight of years — годы давали себя знать

5. n грузило

6. n значение, важность; ценность

to give weight to — придавать значение, признавать важность

to lay weight on — ценить, придавать значение

7. n влияние, авторитет

men of weight — влиятельные люди

carry weight — иметь вес; иметь влияние

8. n сила

to throw the main weight — направлять главный удар

weight - training program — программа развития силы

9. n нажим

line weight — толщина линии

10. n гиря

a pound weight — фунтовая гиря

driving weight — заводная гиря

weight clock — часы с гирями; ходики

infeed weight — гиря грузового рулонного тормоза

11. n гири; разновес

rewind weight — гиря грузового рулонного тормоза перемоточного устройства

12. n спорт. вес

weight throwing — метание веса

gross weight — вес брутто; вес товара с тарой и упаковкой

weight and balance sheet — сводка по весам и центровкам

to be worth its weight in gold — цениться на вес золота

radical weight — сумма атомных весов элементов радикала

building up the weight — с наращиванием веса отягощения

13. n штанга

весовая категория

14. n текст. вес ткани; ткань определённого веса, толщины

a suit of summer weight — лёгкий летний костюм

weight reduction — снижение веса

bold weight — вес жирного шрифта

lean body weight — сухой вес тела

micellar weight — мицеллярный вес

per unit weight — на единицу веса

Синонимический ряд:

1. albatross (noun) albatross; cross; millstone

2. bulk (noun) bulk; mass; preponderance

3. counterbalance (noun) anchor; ballast; counterbalance; sinker; stone

4. heaviness (noun) density; heaviness; heft; heftiness; mass; massiveness; ponderousness; poundage; tonnage; weightiness

5. importance (noun) concern; consequence; emphasis; force; import; importance; magnitude; moment; momentousness; muscle; pith; power; significance

6. influence (noun) authority; credit; influence; leverage; prestige; sway

7. load (noun) burden; charge; deadweight; duty; load; onus; pressure; strain; stress; task; tax

8. adulterate (verb) adulterate; debase; doctor; dope up; load; sophisticate

9. burden (verb) burden; charge; clog; cumber; encumber; freight; lade; lumber; saddle; task; tax; weigh; weigh down

Антонимический ряд:

levity; lightness; unimportance; weakness; worthlessness

English-Russian base dictionary > weight
8 take

take ⇒ Sizes

A n

1 Cin prise f (de vues) ; ‘it's a take!’ ‘elle est bonne!’ ;

2 Fishg, Hunt ( of fish) prise f ; ( of game) tableau m de chasse ;

3 ○ Comm ( amount received) recette f.

B vtr ( prét took ; pp taken)

1 ( take hold of) prendre [object, money] ; to take sb by the arm/hand/throat prendre qn par le bras/par la main/à la gorge ; to take sb's arm/hand prendre le bras/la main de qn ; to take sth from prendre qch sur [shelf, table] ; prendre qch dans [drawer, box] ; to take sth out of sth sortir qch de qch ; the passage is taken from his latest book le passage est tiré de son dernier livre ;

2 ( use violently) to take a knife/an axe to sb attaquer qn avec un couteau/une hache ;

3 ( have by choice) prendre [bath, shower, holiday] ; to take lessons prendre des leçons (in de) ; we take a newspaper/three pints of milk every day nous prenons le journal/trois pintes de lait tous les jours ; we take the Gazette nous recevons la Gazette ; I'll take a pound of apples, please donnez-moi une livre de pommes, s'il vous plaît ; take a seat! asseyez-vous! ; to take a wife/a husband† prendre femme/un mari† ;

4 ( carry along) emporter, prendre [object] ; emmener [person] ; to take sb to school/to work/to the hospital emmener qn à l'école/au travail/à l'hôpital ; to take a letter/a cheque to the post office porter une lettre/un chèque à la poste ; to take chairs into the garden porter des chaises dans le jardin ; to take the car to the garage emmener la voiture au garage ; the book? he's taken it with him le livre? il l'a emporté ; to take sb sth, to take sth to sb apporter qch à qn ; to take sb dancing/swimming emmener qn danser/se baigner ; to take sth upstairs/downstairs monter/descendre qch ; you can't take him anywhere! hum il n'est pas sortable! ;

5 (lead, guide) I'll take you through the procedure je vous montrerai comment on procède ; to take the actors through the scene faire travailler la scène aux acteurs ; I'll take you up to the second floor/to your room je vais vous conduire au deuxième étage/à votre chambre ;

6 ( transport) to take sb to [bus] conduire or emmener qn à [place] ; [road, path] conduire or mener qn à [place] ; his work takes him to many different countries son travail l'appelle à se déplacer dans beaucoup de pays différents ; what took you to Brussels? qu'est-ce que vous êtes allé faire à Bruxelles? ;

7 ( use to get somewhere) prendre [bus, taxi, plane etc] ; prendre [road, path] ; take the first turn on the right/left prenez la première à droite/à gauche ;

8 ( negotiate) [driver, car] prendre [corner, bend] ; [horse] sauter [fence] ;

9 ( accept) accepter, recevoir [bribe, money] ; prendre [patients, pupils] ; accepter [job] ; prendre [phone call] ; [machine] accepter [coin] ; [shop, restaurant etc] accepter [credit card, cheque] ; [union, employee] accepter [reduction, cut] ; will you take £10 for the radio? je vous offre 10 livres sterling en échange de votre radio ; that's my last offer, take it or leave it ! c'est ma dernière proposition, c'est à prendre ou à laisser! ; whisky? I can take it or leave it! le whisky? je peux très bien m'en passer ;

10 ( require) [activity, course of action] demander, exiger [patience, skill, courage] ; it takes patience/courage to do il faut de la patience/du courage pour faire ; it takes three hours/years etc to do il faut trois heures/ans etc pour faire ; it won't take long ça ne prendra pas longtemps ; it took her 10 minutes to repair it elle a mis 10 minutes pour le réparer ; the wall won't take long to build le mur sera vite construit ; it won't take long to do the washing-up la vaisselle sera vite faite ; it would take a genius/a strong person to do that il faudrait un génie/quelqu'un de robuste pour faire ça ; to have what it takes avoir tout ce qu'il faut (to do pour faire) ; typing all those letters in two hours will take some doing! ce ne sera pas facile de taper toutes ces lettres en deux heures! ; she'll take some persuading ce sera dur de la convaincre ;

11 Ling [verb] prendre [object] ; [preposition] être suivi de [case] ;

12 ( endure) supporter [pain, criticism] ; accepter [punishment, opinions] ; I find their attitude hard to take je trouve leur attitude difficile à accepter ; he can't take being criticized il ne supporte pas qu'on le critique ; she just sat there and took it! elle est restée là et ne s'est pas défendue ; he can't take a joke il ne sait pas prendre une plaisanterie ; go on, tell me, I can take it! vas-y, dis-le, je n'en mourrai pas ○ ! ; I can't take any more! je suis vraiment à bout! ;

13 ( react to) prendre [news, matter, criticism, comments] ; to take sth well/badly bien/mal prendre qch ; to take sth seriously/lightly prendre qch au sérieux/à la légère ; to take things one ou a step at a time prendre les choses une par une ;

14 ( assume) I take it that je suppose que ; to take sb for ou to be sth prendre qn pour qch ; what do you take me for? pour qui est-ce que tu me prends? ; what do you take this poem to mean? comment est-ce que vous interprétez ce poème? ;

15 ( consider as example) prendre [person, example, case] ; take John (for example), he has brought up a family by himself prends John, il a élevé une famille tout seul ; let us ou if we take the situation in France prenons la situation en France ; take Stella, she never complains! regarde Stella, elle ne se plaint jamais! ;

16 ( adopt) adopter [view, attitude, measures, steps] ; to take a soft/tough line on sb/sth adopter une attitude indulgente/sévère à l'égard de qn/qch ; to take the view ou attitude that être d'avis que, considérer que ;

17 ( record) prendre [notes, statement] ; [doctor, nurse] prendre [pulse, temperature, blood pressure] ; [secretary] prendre [letter] ; to take sb's measurements ( for clothes) prendre les mesures de qn ; to take a reading lire les indications ;

18 ( hold) [hall, bus] avoir une capacité de, pouvoir contenir [50 people, passengers etc] ; [tank, container] pouvoir contenir [quantity] ; the tank/bus will take… le réservoir/bus peut contenir… ; the cupboard/the suitcase won't take any more clothes il est impossible de mettre plus de vêtements dans ce placard/ cette valise ;

19 ( consume) prendre [sugar, milk, pills, remedy] ; to take tea/lunch with sb GB sout prendre le thé/déjeuner avec qn ; ⇒ drug ;

20 ( wear) ( in clothes) faire [size] ; to take a size 4 ( in shoes) ≈ faire ○ or chausser du 37 ;

21 Phot prendre [photograph] ;

22 Math ( subtract) soustraire [number, quantity] (from de) ;

23 ( study) prendre, faire [subject] ; suivre [course] ;

24 Sch, Univ ( sit) passer [exam, test] ;

25 ( teach) [teacher, lecturer] faire cours à [students, pupils] ; to take sb for Geography/French faire cours de géographie/de français à qn ;

26 ( officiate at) [priest] célébrer [service, prayer, wedding] ; dire [mass] ;

27 ( capture) [army, enemy] prendre [fortress, city] ; ( in chess) [player] prendre [piece] ; ( in cards) faire [trick] ; [person] remporter [prize] ; ⇒ hostage, prisoner ;

28 ○ ( have sex with) prendre [woman].

C vi ( prét took ; pp taken)

1 ( have desired effect) [drug] faire effet ; [dye] prendre ; ( grow successfully) [plant] prendre ;

2 Fishg [fish] mordre.

Idioms

I'll take it from here fig je prendrai la suite ; to be on the take ○ toucher des pots-de-vin ; to take it ou a lot out of sb fatiguer beaucoup qn ; to take it upon oneself to do prendre sur soi de faire ; to take sb out of himself changer les idées à qn ; you can take it from me,… croyez-moi,…

Phrasal verbs

■ take aback:

▶ take [sb] aback interloquer [person].

■ take after:

▶ take after [sb] tenir de [father, mother etc].

■ take against:

▶ take against [sb] prendre [qn] en grippe.

■ take along:

▶ take [sb/sth] along, take along [sb/sth] emporter [object] ; emmener [person].

■ take apart:

▶ take apart se démonter ; does it take apart? est-ce que ça se démonte? ;

▶ take [sb/sth] apart

1 ( separate into parts) démonter [car, machine] ;

2 ○ fig ( defeat) [player, team] massacrer ○ [opponent, team] ;

3 ○ ( criticize) [person, critic, teacher] descendre [qch] en flammes ○ [essay, film, book].

■ take aside:

▶ take [sb] aside prendre [qn] à part.

■ take away:

▶ take [sb/sth] away, take away [sb/sth]

1 ( remove) enlever, emporter [object] (from de) ; emmener [person] (from de) ; supprimer [pain, fear, grief] (from de) ; ‘two hamburgers to take away, please’ GB ‘deux hamburgers à emporter, s'il vous plaît’ ; to take away sb's appetite faire perdre l'appétit à qn ;

2 fig ( diminish) that doesn't take anything away from his achievement ça n'enlève rien à ce qu'il a accompli ;

3 ( subtract) soustraire [number] (from à, de) ; ten take away seven is three dix moins sept égalent trois.

■ take back:

▶ take [sth] back, take back [sth]

1 ( return to shop) [person, customer] rapporter [goods] (to à) ;

2 ( retract) retirer [statement, words] ; I take it back je retire ce que j'ai dit ;

▶ take [sb] back ( cause to remember) rappeler des souvenirs à [person] ; this song takes me back to my childhood cette chanson me rappelle mon enfance ;

▶ take [sb/sth] back, take back [sb/sth] ( accept again) reprendre [partner, employee] ; reprendre [gift, ring] ; [shop] reprendre [goods].

■ take down:

▶ take [sth] down, take down [sth]

1 ( remove) descendre [book, vase, box] ; enlever [picture, curtains] ;

2 ( lower) baisser [skirt, pants] ;

3 ( dismantle) démonter [tent, scaffolding] ;

4 ( write down) noter [name, statement, details].

■ take hold:

▶ take hold [disease, epidemic] s'installer ; [idea, ideology] se répandre ; [influence] s'accroître ; to take hold of ( grasp) prendre [object, hand] ; fig ( overwhelm) [feeling, anger] envahir [person] ; [idea] prendre [person].

■ take in:

▶ take [sb] in, take in [sb]

1 ( deceive) tromper, abuser [person] ; he was taken in il s'est laissé abuser ; don't be taken in by appearances! ne te fie pas aux apparences! ; I wasn't taken in by him je ne me suis pas laissé prendre à son jeu ;

2 ( allow to stay) recueillir [person, refugee] ; prendre [lodger] ;

▶ take in [sth]

1 ( understand) saisir, comprendre [situation] ; I can't take it in! je n'arrive pas à le croire! ;

2 ( observe) noter [detail] ; embrasser [scene] ;

3 ( encompass) inclure [place, developments] ;

4 ( absorb) [root] absorber [nutrients] ; [person, animal] absorber [oxygen] ; fig s'imprégner de [atmosphere] ;

5 Naut [boat] prendre [water] ;

6 Sewing reprendre [dress, skirt etc] ;

7 ( accept for payment) faire [qch] à domicile [washing, mending] ;

8 ○ ( visit) aller à [play, exhibition].

■ take off:

▶ take off

1 ( leave the ground) [plane] décoller ;

2 fig [idea, fashion] prendre ; [product] marcher ; [sales] décoller ;

3 ○ ( leave hurriedly) filer ○ ;

▶ take [sth] off

1 ( deduct) to take £10 off (the price) réduire le prix de 10 livres, faire une remise de 10 livres ;

2 ( have as holiday) to take two days off prendre deux jours de congé ; I'm taking next week off je suis en congé la semaine prochaine ;

3 ( make look younger) that hairstyle takes 15 years off you! cette coiffure te rajeunit de 15 ans! ;

▶ take [sth] off, take off [sth]

1 ( remove) enlever, ôter [clothing, shoes] ; enlever [lid, feet, hands] (from de) ; supprimer [dish, train] ; to take sth off the market retirer qch du marché ;

2 ( amputate) amputer, couper [limb] ;

3 ( withdraw) annuler [show, play] ;

▶ take [sb] off, take off [sb]

1 ○ ( imitate) imiter [person] ;

2 ( remove) to take sb off the case [police] retirer l'affaire à qn ; to take oneself off partir, s'en aller (to à).

■ take on:

▶ take on ( get upset) don't take on so ( stay calm) ne t'énerve pas ; ( don't worry) ne t'en fais pas ;

▶ take [sb/sth] on, take on [sb/sth]

1 ( employ) embaucher, prendre [staff, worker] ;

2 ( compete against) [team, player] jouer contre [team, player] ; ( fight) se battre contre [person, opponent] ; to take sb on at chess/at tennis jouer aux échecs/au tennis contre qn ;

3 ( accept) accepter, prendre [work, task] ; prendre [responsibilities] ;

4 ( acquire) prendre [look, significance, colour, meaning].

■ take out:

▶ take out s'enlever ; does this take out? est-ce que ça s'enlève? ;

▶ take [sb/sth] out, take out [sb/sth]

1 ( remove) sortir [object] (from, of de) ; [dentist] extraire, arracher ○ [tooth] ; [doctor] enlever [appendix] ; ( from bank) retirer [money] (of de) ; take your hands out of your pockets! enlève tes mains de tes poches! ;

2 ( go out with) sortir avec [person] ; to take sb out to dinner/for a walk emmener qn dîner/se promener ;

3 ( eat elsewhere) emporter [fast food] ; ‘two hamburgers to take out, please!’ ‘deux hamburgers à emporter, s'il vous plaît! ;

4 ( deduct) déduire [contributions, tax] (of de) ;

5 ○ (kill, destroy) éliminer [person] ; détruire [installation, target] ;

6 to take sth out on sb passer qch sur qn [anger, frustration] ; to take it out on sb s'en prendre à qn.

■ take over:

▶ take over

1 ( take control) (of town, country, party) [army, faction] prendre le pouvoir ; he's always trying to take over il veut toujours tout commander ;

2 ( be successor) [person] prendre la suite (as comme) ; to take over from remplacer, succéder à [predecessor] ;

▶ take over [sth]

1 ( take control of) prendre le contrôle de [town, country] ; reprendre [business] ; shall I take over the driving for a while? veux-tu que je prenne un peu le volant? ;

2 Fin racheter, prendre le contrôle de [company].

■ take part prendre part ; to take part in participer à [production, activity].

■ take place avoir lieu.

■ take to:

▶ take to [sb/sth]

1 ( develop liking for) he has really taken to her/to his new job elle/son nouvel emploi lui plaît vraiment beaucoup ;

2 ( begin) to take to doing ○ se mettre à faire ; he's taken to smoking/wearing a hat il s'est mis à fumer/porter un chapeau ;

3 (go) se réfugier dans [forest, hills] ; to take to one's bed se mettre au lit ; to take to the streets descendre dans la rue.

■ take up:

▶ take up ( continue story etc) reprendre ; to take up where sb/sth left off reprendre là où qn/qch s'était arrêté ; to take up with s'attacher à [person, group] ;

▶ take up [sth]

1 ( lift up) enlever [carpet, pavement, track] ; prendre [pen] ;

2 ( start) se mettre à [golf, guitar] ; prendre [job] ; to take up a career as an actor se lancer dans le métier d'acteur ; to take up one's duties ou responsibilities entrer dans ses fonctions ;

3 ( continue) reprendre [story, discussion] ; reprendre [cry, refrain] ;

4 ( accept) accepter [offer, invitation] relever [challenge] ; to take up sb's case Jur accepter de défendre qn ;

5 to take sth up with sb soulever [qch] avec qn [matter] ;

6 ( occupy) prendre, occuper [space] ; prendre, demander [time, energy] ;

7 ( adopt) prendre [position, stance] ;

8 Sewing ( shorten) raccourcir [skirt, curtains etc] ;

9 ( absorb) [sponge, material, paper] absorber [liquid] ;

▶ take [sb] up

1 ( adopt) fig she was taken up by the surrealists elle a été adoptée par les surréalistes ;

2 to take sb up on ( challenge) reprendre qn sur [point, assertion] ; ( accept) to take sb up on an invitation/an offer accepter l'invitation/l'offre de qn.

Big English-French dictionary > take
9 Chapelon, André

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 26 October 1892 Saint-Paul-en-Cornillon, Loire, France

d. 29 June 1978 Paris, France

[br]

French locomotive engineer who developed high-performance steam locomotives.

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Chapelon's technical education at the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris, was interrupted by extended military service during the First World War. From experience of observing artillery from the basket of a captive balloon, he developed a method of artillery fire control which was more accurate than that in use and which was adopted by the French army.

In 1925 he joined the motive-power and rolling-stock department of the Paris-Orléans Railway under Chief Mechanical Engineer Maurice Lacoin and was given the task of improving the performance of its main-line 4–6–2 locomotives, most of them compounds. He had already made an intensive study of steam locomotive design and in 1926 introduced his Kylchap exhaust system, based in part on the earlier work of the Finnish engineer Kyläla. Chapelon improved the entrainment of the hot gases in the smokebox by the exhaust steam and so minimized back pressure in the cylinders, increasing the power of a locomotive substantially. He also greatly increased the cross-sectional area of steam passages, used poppet valves instead of piston valves and increased superheating of steam. PO (Paris-Orléans) 4–6–2s rebuilt on these principles from 1929 onwards proved able to haul 800-ton trains, in place of the previous 500-ton trains, and to do so to accelerated schedules with reduced coal consumption. Commencing in 1932, some were converted, at the time of rebuilding, into 4–8–0s to increase adhesive weight for hauling heavy trains over the steeply graded Paris-Toulouse line.

Chapelon's principles were quickly adopted on other French railways and elsewhere.

H.N. Gresley was particularly influenced by them. After formation of the French National Railways (SNCF) in 1938, Chapelon produced in 1941 a prototype rebuilt PO 2–10–0 freight locomotive as a six-cylinder compound, with four low-pressure cylinders to maximize expansive use of steam and with all cylinders steam-jacketed to minimize heat loss by condensation and radiation. War conditions delayed extended testing until 1948–52. Meanwhile Chapelon had, by rebuilding, produced in 1946 a high-powered, three-cylinder, compound 4–8–4 intended as a stage in development of a proposed range of powerful and thermally efficient steam locomotives for the postwar SNCF: a high-speed 4–6–4 in this range was to run at sustained speeds of 125 mph (200 km/h). However, plans for improved steam locomotives were then overtaken in France by electriflcation and dieselization, though the performance of the 4–8–4, which produced 4,000 hp (3,000 kW) at the drawbar for the first time in Europe, prompted modification of electric locomotives, already on order, to increase their power.

Chapelon retired from the SNCF in 1953, but continued to act as a consultant. His principles were incorporated into steam locomotives built in France for export to South America, and even after the energy crisis of 1973 he was consulted on projects to build improved, high-powered steam locomotives for countries with reserves of cheap coal. The eventual fall in oil prices brought these to an end.

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Bibliography

1938, La Locomotive à vapeur, Paris: J.B.Bailière (a comprehensive summary of contemporary knowledge of every function of the locomotive).

Further Reading

H.C.B.Rogers, 1972, Chapelon, Genius of French Steam, Shepperton: Ian Allan.

1986, "André Chapelon, locomotive engineer: a survey of his work", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 58 (a symposium on Chapelon's work).

Obituary, 1978, Railway Engineer (September/October) (makes reference to the technical significance of Chapelon's work).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Chapelon, André

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